Sunday, January 8, 2023

thumbnail

English Notes Class 10th KPK Text Book Unit No. 12 to 15


 

         UNIT NO. 12

By               Mary    Lisle

 
They have cut down the pines

انہوں نے چیڑھ کے درخت کاٹ دیئے

Paraphrasing Stanza No.01

In these lines of the poem, the poetess Mary Lisle, explains that the pine trees have been cut down by the people. The wind and heavy rain will feel their absence as the trees always welcome the wind. The outer covering of the trees has also been removed from them. In fact the poetess expresses her grief on ruthless cutting.

Paraphrasing Stanza No.02

In these lines of the poem, the poetess Mary Lisle says that the pointed branches of the trees and the brown cones are crushed under the feet as they lying scattered on the ground. The trees are very kind and friendly. When the wind passes through the trees, a rustling sound is produced in the trees.

Paraphrasing Stanza No.03

In these lines of the poem, the poetess Mary Lisle, says that in the woods, the sun and the shadows replace each other throughout the day. It is like the sun and shadows play hide and seek with one another. The shadows in the woods increase during the day but when the night comes, the multiplying shadows turn to one shadow.

Paraphrasing Stanza No.04

In these lines of the poem, the poetess Mary Lisle, says that the trees have been cut down and because of it, the sweet conversation among the branches of the trees has also ended. The pine trees have been cut down to make posts that will be used in making a fence along the stream.

Paraphrasing Stanza No.05

In these lines of the poem, the poetess Mary Lisle, says that the naked trunks of the trees lie under the sunlight in miserable conditions. They are of no use except for providing a haunting place for the ghosts. A bird that made a nest in the trees will not be able to find its nest because the trees have been cut down.

٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭

COMPREHENSION

Q1: Why were the pines cut down?

Ans: The pines were cut down to make a fence by the creek.

Q2: Who will miss the pines?

Ans: The rain and wind will miss the pines.

Q3: Who has stripped the bark from the wood?

Ans: They (People) have stripped the bark from the wood.

Q4: Where were the boughs and knobby nuts lying?

Ans: The boughs and knobby nuts were lying on the ground.                   

Q5: What is meant by “Trodden”?

Ans: Trodden means Trampled or crushed.

Q6: How trees are our friends?

Ans: Trees are our kind friend because they provide us wood, shade, and fruit.

Q7: Who plays hide and seek with the shadows?

Ans: The sun plays hide and seek with the shadows all day long.

Q8:  The multiple shadows turn into what?

Ans: The multiple shadows turn into night.

Q9: What is the name of this poem?

Ans: The name of this poem is “They have cut down the pines”.

 

Q10: Why the trees ended now?

Ans: The trees ended now because the people have cut down them.

Q11: What is meant by the word “colloquy”?

Ans: The word colloquy means Conversation.

Q12: Where were they making the fence?

Ans: They were making the fence by the creek out of the pine’s trees.

Q13: What is meant by the word “wan”?

Ans: The word wan means looking pale and weak.

Q14: For what the bird was searching for?

Ans: The bird was searching for his nest.

Q15: Who wrote this poem?

Ans: Mary lisle wrote this poem.

Q16: What is the central idea/theme of the poem?

Ans: The central idea or the theme of the poem is the importance of trees. The poetess conveys the message that we must protect the trees. Trees keep the environment clean, healthy and beautiful. We should grow more trees instead of cutting them.

Q17: What are the effects of deforestation on the environment?

Ans: Deforestation leads to global warming. Different types of pollution are created through which the natural beauty is destroyed. It also causes soil erosion.

            ٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭

Unit No: 13.

Hazrat Umar (رض)

(حضرت عمر  (رض))

COMPREHENSION

Q1: Why did Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) deposit the jewels, given by the empress of Rome to Hazrat Umar's (RA) wife, in the bait-Ul-Mal?

Ans: Hazrat Umar (RA) deposited the jewels given by the empress of Rome to Hazrat Umar's (RA) wife, in bait-Ul-Mal because those jewels were gifted to her due to the high status of the Caliph Umar Farooq (RA). He considered it as a Government property.

Q2: Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) was one of those people who served the new religion with singleness of purpose. Describe the services of Hazrat Umar (RA) to Islam in the context of this statement

Ans: Hazrat Umar (RA) led a very simple life and strictly followed the prophet's teachings. He helped the prophet Muhammad (SAW) in difficult times. He participated in every war physically and economically. He served the Muslims as a servant, not as a ruler. He strictly believed in rule of law and justice.

Q3: Humility and simplicity were the hallmarks of Hazrat Umar's (RA) rule. Support this view by giving evidence from the given text?

Ans: Humility and Simplicity were the great qualities of Umar's (RA) personality. He led a simple life. His life standard was no higher than a common man. He wore a simple dress and ate simple food. Once a Roman Emperor was surprised to see him lying on the bare floor of the Masjid.

Q4: Why did Hazrat Umar (RA) not eat wheat bread?

Ans: Umar Farooq (RA) did not eat wheat bread because it was not available to every common person in his vast dominions.

Q5: How did Hazrat Umar (RA) ensure his own accountability and the accountability of his governors before the public during his government?

Ans: Hazrat Umar (RA) ensured his own accountability and accountability of his governors before the public during his Government. A common man had easy access to Hazrat Umar (RA). Everyone was free to question his actions. Every Governor had to sign a bond on his appointment that he would lead a simple life and all people would have easy access to his presence. Hazrat Umar's (RA) era is considered golden period of Islam.

٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭

Book page no. 132 (Vocabulary)

Scan the text for five adjectives. Consult a thesaurus for the synonyms that are closest in meaning to the contextual meaning. Now change these synonyms into adverbs of manner and use them in your own sentences as per the following table.

Adjectives from the text

Synonyms

Adverbs of manner

sentences

Selfless

Unselfish

Selflessly

He worked selflessly towards his goal.

Easy

Uncomplicated

Easily

The knife easily cut into the cake.

Kind

Affectionate

Kindly

He has kindly agreed to help.

Sympathetic 

Kind

Sympathetically

He nodded his head sympathetically.

Simple

Easy

Simply

The meal was simply splendid.

 

Book page no. 133 (B). Form verbs from these word

 

Words

Verbs

Words

Verbs

Protection

Protect

Pleasure

Please

Reduction

Reduce

Food

Feed

Initiation

Initiate

Congratulation

Congratulate

Expansion

Expand

Tight

Tighten

Response

Respond

٭٭٭٭٭

٭٭٭٭٭

 

Book page no. 133 (C). Write these words in your notebook and complete them with correct spelling of "qu" producing 'k' sound. Then use each word in a sentence.

 

Words incomplete

Correct spelling of “que” producing “K” sound

Sentences

Mysti

Mystique پُر اسرار        

There is a mystique in his style

Physi

Physique    جسمانی ڈیل ڈول

The man has a weak physique

Techni

Techniqueمہارت               

Modern techniques are used in learning process

Bouti

Boutique دُکان۔ لباس گھر    

Women are purchasing dresses from boutique

 

Book page no. 135

 B. Rewrite the following sentences so that the verbs will be in the active voice.

1. We are taught grammar by Mrs. Sikandar.

Mrs. Sikandar teaches us grammar.

2. He was praised by the teacher.

The teacher praised him.

3. The injured were taken to the hospital by the firemen.

The firemen took the injured to the hospital.

4. The town was destroyed by an earthquake.

An earthquake destroyed the town.

5. The teacher was pleased with the boy's work.

The boy’s work pleased the teacher.

6. The building was damaged by the fire.

The fire damaged the building.

7. By whom were you taught English?

Who taught you English?

8. You will be given a ticket by the manager.

The manager will give you a ticket

٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭

Unit No: 14

The Model Millionaire

{مثالی لکھ پتی (دولت مند)}

COMPREHENSION

Q1: What was Hughie's financial status?

Ans: Hughie's financial status was weak, with poor resources from his farms.

Q2: What condition was laid down by the colonel for Hughie's marriage to his daughter?

Ans: The Colonel laid down the condition for Hughie's marriage to his daughter that Hughie should have ten thousand pounds, then this matter would be seriously considered.

Q3: Was Alan a good painter? What makes you think that?

Ans: Yes, Alan was a good painter. He was a real master of his art because his beautiful and perfect pictures were eagerly sought after.

Q4: Describe the role of Colonel Martin in the story? Would you describe him as a negative character or not? Why?

Ans: The role of Colonel Martin in the story was negative. He was a greedy, dishonest, unpleasant, and proud person. He was a high profile man but when he saw the thriving business of Hughie, he quickly agreed to give his daughter's hand in engagement but when he came to know that Hughie was a poor man, then he was trying to delay his marriage.

Q5: Draw the character sketch of Erskine Hughie in the story?

Ans: Hughie Erskine was a handsome and charming man. He was generous but unlucky in money. He was a kind-hearted person towards other people.

Q6: Describe the climax of the story in your own words. Also present a sketch of how you would have ended the story, had you been the writer?

Ans: The climax of the story is that when Hughie Erskine offers money to a beggar who turns out to be one of the richest men in Europe. I would also have ended the story as the writer of this story had ended it.

Q7: What is the theme of the story "The Millionaire"?

Ans: The theme of the story "The Model Millionaire" represents the materialistic aspect of life. It also shows that one must have the kindness of the heart as well. This story also shows and teaches us that rich people know the proper ways to expand their wealth to help the other needy people. It will give them spiritual satisfaction.

٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭

Book page no. 144 (Vocabulary)

Find out the meanings of the following words and identify their parts of speech through abbreviations used in dictionary.

Words

Meanings

Part of speech

Philanthropicفِل اِن تھروپک

انسان دوست

helping the downtrodden  

Adjective

Chuckling

مسکراھٹ

Laugh quietly or inwardly.

Noun / Verb

Patched

پیوند لگا ہوا

mend or strengthen

Verb / Adjective

Strolled

چہل قدمی کرنا

walk in a leisurely way

Verb

Cobbled

مرمت کرنا

paved with cobblestones

Verb

 

 

 

 

 

 

UNIT NO15 (Poem)

Opportunity موقع                by: Walter Malone

Paraphrasing Stanza No.1  

In these lines of poem, “Opportunity” written by Walter Malone the poet says that opportunity is giving advice to all. He says that people are doing wrong by saying that opportunity comes once in life. It comes every day and stands outside your home’s gate. It offers you more chances to fight with new spirit and face the challenges bravely to get success in life.

Paraphrasing Stanza No.2

In these lines of poem, “Opportunity” written by Walter Malone the poet says that we should not be upset about the precious chances of the past that we have missed. It is unwise to weep for those good times which have ended. Every night “opportunity” deletes the records of golden chances that have gone, whereas each new day gives us a message of hope to get advantage of available chances.

Paraphrasing Stanza No. 3

In these lines of poem, “Opportunity” written by Walter Malone the poet says that do you think that thoughts of youth were terrible or you think that you have been punished for good deeds. You should forget the bitter moments of your past and focus on your bright future that is waiting for you.

Paraphrasing Stanza No. 4

In these lines of poem, “Opportunity” written by Walter Malone the poet says that, it is useless to morn on the past life. It is wrong to do so. Just get out of this spell. If you have committed sins, do not worry about them because Almighty Allah will forgive them. Each sunrise gives you the chance to get out from the hell and each day guides you to the right path.

Paraphrasing Stanza No. 5

In these lines of poem, “Opportunity” written by Walter Malone the poet says that, do not weep for past glories rather like a careless boy, laugh at the spent fame which is no more with you. Do not think about the joys that have disappeared. It is better to bury the past and live in present one should always struggle for bright chances and good offers that are yet to come.

Paraphrasing Stanza No. 6

In these lines of poem, “Opportunity” written by Walter Malone the poet says that, If you are in a terrible situation do not wring your hands and weep. Opportunity will take you out of this terrible situation because it always helps those people who have the courage and strong determination of doing good deeds in life. A man should not lose courage in unfavourable situations. It is likely that he may rise and become a good human being in the real sense of the word.

٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭

COMPREHENSION:-

Q1: Who is speaker in the poem?

Ans: Opportunity is the speaker of the poem that has been personified.

Q2: It is a commonly held belief that opportunity knocks once at the door; but this belief is rejected outright by opportunity herself. Why?

Ans: it is commonly held belief that opportunity knocks on everyone’s door once in life. But Opportunity itself rejects this belief and says that it visits everyone’s door again and again. It continuously gives chance to everyone, wining against the troubles of life.

Q3: What is the advice of "Opportunity" to those who have failed opportunity in the past?

Ans: The advice of opportunity to those who have lost or failed opportunity in the past is not to show grief over past failures rather continue your struggles and do not be discouraged because opportunity comes in life again and again. So, forget your past and have a new start.

 Q4: What was the effect of this poem, "Opportunity" on you? Describe your response in your own words.  

Ans: This poem has a good effect on us. It gives us courage, hope, and satisfaction.

Q5: What is the key theme of the poem, "Opportunity"? Explain the various themes discussed in the poem.

Ans: The theme of the poem “Opportunity” is that opportunity knock at the door daily and gives the man a chance of waking, rising, and fighting to get success. Opportunity taught us to continue your struggles and do not be discouraged because it comes again and again in life. So, forget your past failure and have a new start.

Q6: Point out some of the poetic devices used by the poet in the poem Opportunity' and identify the line/lines.

Ans: The poet has used many poetic devices in this poem. In the 3rd line of 1st stanza, the poet has personified the opportunity who stands before our home door, calls us to wake and fight. The poet says in stanza 3 “White as snow” it is a simile.

٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭

 

  Proverbs: 

Big words of a little mouth

چھوٹا منہ  بڑی بات

A friend in need is a friend indeed

دوست وہ جو مصیبت میں کام آئے

Distant hillocks look green

دُور کے ڈھول سہانے

A drowning man catches at a straw

ڈُوبتے کو تنکے کا سہارا

Truth fears no examination

سانچ کو آنچ نہیں

Necessity is the mother of invention

ضرورت ایجاد کی ماں ہے

Wisdom is better than strength

عقل بڑی کے بھینس

A rotten sheep infects the whole flock

ایک مچھلی سارے تالاب کو گندا کرتی ہے

It is no use to cry over spilt milk

اب پچھتائے کیا ہوت جب چڑیا چگ گئی کھیت

Knowledge is power

علم بڑی دولت ہے

Diamond cuts diamond

لوہا لوہے کو کاٹتا ہے

Easy come Easy go

مال ِ مفت دل بے رحم

A desperate man all things can

مرتا کیا نہ کرتا

Expect no good in return

نیکی کر دریا میں ڈال

A bad workman quarrels with his tools

ناچ نہ جانے آنگن ٹیڑھا

Honey is not for ass's mouth

یہ منہ اور مسوُر کی دال

Greed is curse

لالچ بُری بلا ہے

As you sow so shall you reap

جیسی کرنی ویسی بھرنی

A bird in hand is worth two in the bush

نو نقد تیرہ ادھار

Patience bears sweet fruit

صبر کا پھل میٹھا ہوتا ہے

A wise foe is better than a foolish friend

نادان دوست سے دشمن بہتر ہوتا ہے

See which way the wind blows

تیل دیکھو تیل کی دھار دیکھو

Love begets love

دل کو دل سے راہ ہوتی ہے

His bread is buttered on both sides

پانچوں اُنگلیاں گھی میں

 

ESSAY WRITING

 

 

A RIVER IN FLOOD

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       سیلاب کی تباہ کاریاں                                           

Floods are very common in Pakistan. They usually occur during the rainy seasons, due to heavy rains in the hills the rivers are in space. A river in flood is a source of trouble for all. It plays with the life and property of the people. Crops are destroyed, animals are washed away and killed, and people lose their lives.

Due to the continuous and heavy rains, the river Indus was in fierce overflowed its banks and flooded low lying areas. The water crossed the danger mark. The water was raging in fury. The current was very strong.

A warning was given to the people to vacate the villages. But there was no time to remove the goods. The people were in trouble. They at once made for the places of safety. Still many were caught in the flood.

The flood water surrounded the villages. Our village was worst hit. Mud houses began to crumble. Even the bricked ones suffered heavy damage. Many heads of cattle were washed away. There was knee deep water everywhere. The villagers assembled at a safe place. A common meal was prepared. Our village looked like an island. It was cut off from the rest of the country. Punjab and Sindh suffered a lot during this flood.

The government came tour rescue. Relief squad parties came to our village southern Punjab. They carried us on boats to safe places. They even gave us medicines and food.

When the water receded, the people returned to their villages. There was destruction all around. Animals were lying dead. Crops were ruined. Malaria soon broke out which took a heavy tool of lives. The government rendered all help to make our lives safe. There was a great loss of life and property.

It is a pity that even more than half a century after independence, Pakistan has not so far been able to establish any set policy for controlling floods. Millions of rupees set apart for flood control are actually pocketed by the corrupt officials. Last week, it rained very heavily in this part of the country. All the rivers, canals, lakes and even streets were flooded.

٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭

  PAIR OF WORDS

1

Allowed

اجازت دی

He was not allowed to go outside

Aloud

اُونچا

Speak aloud so that everyone can hear

2

Bail

ضمانت

He was released on bail

Bale

گانٹھیں

I have sold 600 bales of cotton

3

Bad

برا

A bad workman quarrels with his tools

Bade

حکم دینا

The officer bade me come in

4

Berth

سونے کی جگہ

This berth is reserved for me

Birth

پیدائش

My date of birth of 10th March 2006

5

Born

پیدا ہونا

He was born in Karachi

Borne

برداشت کرنا

The cost will be borne by the banks

6

Cast

ڈالنا ۔ پھینکنا

Please cast your vote

Cost

لاگت ۔قیمت

The cost will be borne by the banks

Caste

ذات

He is Syed by Caste

7

Cell

جیل خانہ /  خُلیہ

The criminal is in the cell. Cell is basic unit of a body

Sell

بیچنا

She sells sea shells on sea shore

8

Diary

روزنامچہ۔لکھ کر محفوظ رکھنا

I am writing an event in my diary

Dairy

دودھ والی مصنوعات کی جگہ

We buy milk at the dairy

9

Die

مرنا

Quaid e Azam died on 11th of September 1948

Dye

رنگنا

Please dye this coat blue

10

Dose

دوا کی مقدار

Take this dose after every four hours

Doze

اُونگھنا

Do not doze in the classroom

11

Stationary

ساکن

The earth is not stationary

Stationery

کاغذ،قلم روشنائی وغیرہ کا ذخیرہ

I will buy pen and ink from stationery shop

12

Angle

زاویہ

Use your compass to bisect an angle.

Angel

فرشتہ

In Islam, angels are believed to be heavenly beings

13

Quiet

خاموش

Please keep quiet

Quite

بہت حد تک

He is quite well now

Quit

چھوڑنا

Try to quit smoking

 

  IDIOMATIC PHRASES

IDIOM

MEANING

SENTENCES

Call at

کسی خاص جگہ جانا

I called at his house yesterday

Call in

کسی کو بلانا ٹیلی فون پر

Always Call in the doctor in emergency

Call on

سامنے موجود شخصیت کو بلانا

Now I will call on Mr. Iftikhar to deliver closing remarks

Do away with

ہلاک کرنا

The robbers did away with him

Do for

ہلاکت کے قریب ہونا

We all were done for when the boat started to sink

Do up

کسی چیز کو باندھنا ۔بند کرنا

You must do up your safety belt while driving

Do without

کسی چیز کے بغیر گزارہ کرنا

He could do without food  for a day

Fall back

پسپا ہونا

They fall bank due to  inner conflicts

Fall of

ساتھ چھوڑ دینا

They fall of and never became friends again

Fall out

جھگڑا کرنا

He fell out with me over a trifle  (معمولی بات)

Fall in

مبتلا ہونا/قطار بنانا

The Boy Scouts were told to fall in behind the leader

Give away

تقسیم کرنا

The Principal give away the prizes

Give in

ہار ماننا ۔یا۔ اطاعت قبول کرنا

Under the threat of a strike, the factory manager gave in

Give off

خارج کرنا

Some flowers do not give off their fragrance

Give up

ترک کرنا ، چھوڑ دینا

He has given up smoking

Go off

چل جانا

The gun did not go off

Go out

بجھ جانا

The lamp has gone out

Go through

شروع سے آخر تک کسی کام کو کرنا

The class has gone through this book twice

Get along

اچھے تعلقات ہونا

We get along just fine together

Get at

پہنچنا ۔ یا ۔ رسائی حاصل کرنا

Everyone can easily get at the king

 

 

 

About