UNIT NO. 01
Simplicity and Humility of Hazrat
Muhammad (PBUH)
حضرت
محمد (ص) کی سادگی اور عاجزی
Comprehension
QNO.1 What is meant by simplicity and Humility?
Ans: Simplicity is the quality to have
simple life and humility is the attitude without any special importance that
makes better than others.
QNO.2 Describe in a few
sentences, the life style of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) in the light of text that
you have read?
Ans: The
lifestyle of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) was very simple. He was honest and truthful.
He was patient, tolerant, trustworthy and forgiving.
QNO.3 How can simplicity and
humility do away with the culture of extravagance and waste?
Ans: Simplicity
and humility prevent us from buying unwanted and luxurious items and products
and wipe out the culture of extravagance and waste. Through these qualities we
can improve our economic condition.
QNO.4 Read the last paragraph of
the lesson and write down the main idea and supporting detail of the paragraph?
Ans: Main
idea of the paragraph is that, we can make our lives easy by following and
preaching the lifestyle of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). Through this we can get rid
of social evils and lead a peaceful life free from unrest.
QNO.5 How did Hazrat Muhammad
(PBUH) treat his foster sister?
Ans: Hazrat
Muhammad (PBUH) treated his foster sister with great honour and respect. He
used to stand up when she came to him.
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C. Some nouns change meaning in the plural form e.g. arm-arms, (arm-
a part of body) (arms- weapons). Use both singular and plural nouns below in
sentences to show difference in meaning.
|
Words |
Meanings |
Sentences |
|
Good |
اچھا |
Ali is my good friend |
|
Goods |
سامان |
Everyone like to buy quality goods |
|
Wood |
لکڑی |
The chair is made of wood |
|
Woods |
جنگل |
He lives in a house besides the woods |
|
Spectacle |
تماشا |
You are making a spectacle of yourself |
|
Spectacles |
عینک چشمے |
He peered through his spectacles |
|
Character |
چال چلن |
He bears good moral character |
|
Characters |
کردار |
There are five characters in the drama |
|
Manner |
طریقہ |
He greeted us in attractive manner |
|
Manners |
آداب |
His manners were perfect |
|
Force |
طاقت قوت |
He hit the ball with full force |
|
Forces |
افواج |
Armed forces of Pakistan are strong |
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Writing
A.. Write a unified paragraph on topic sentence, 'pride makes us
artificial and humility makes us real' by using specific words, vivid verbs,
modifier and adequate supporting details to develop the main idea.
Ans: The
feeling of self-respect and personal work which is opposite to humility: One is
artificial while the other is real Allah almighty dislikes pride because it
brings destruction while humility brings happiness and makes life peaceful and
real Allah Almighty likes humility and humbleness. It brings comfort in life
while pride creates so many problems and leads to unrest and chaos
Artificiality is impermanent and humility is permanent. The former one makes
people to attack on other's rights while the latter one realizes people to
honour other's rights.
B.. Write a brief summary of
the lesson, "Simplicity and humility of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W)".
Ans: Humility
and simplicity were permanent traits of the personality of Hazrat Muhammad
(SAW). He (S.AW) ordered Muslims to live a decent and kind life. He (S.A.W)
never sit on a prominent place. He (S.AW) was simple and humble in his
lifestyle, diet and manners. He (S.AW) ate simple food and used to sleep on a
mattress made of leather. He (S.AW) was the owner of all treasure of Muslims
and never take a penny of it He (S.AW) used to mend his own clothes and repair
his own shoes. He (S.AW) inquiring after the sick and helped others with his
own hands. He greeted first to meet someone and never entered in someone's
house without permission. Hazrat Fatima (R.A) was very similar to the prophet
(S.AW) in manners and speech. In short the lifestyle of the prophet.
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UNIT NO. 02
THE CHAMPIONS
جیتنے
والے (جیت کا جذبہ رکھنے والے)
Comprehension
QNO.1 What
is the significance of the title “The Champions”?
The title of the lesson “The Champions”
is significant as it gives a hint to the reader that what they are going to
read in the lesson might be something related to a sport focusing on the
champions of that sport.
QNO.2 What was the dream of
Ahmad Ali and Gul Sher?
The dream of Ahmad Ali and Gul Sher was
to become a lightweight boxing champion of the world someday. Both of them
worked hard to achieve their dream.
QNO.3 Why was the fight so important for both Ali
and Gul Sher?
Once they had to fight at two different
poles for the National Boxing Championship. The fight was important for both
Ali and Gul Sher because the winner of the final of the fight would be
representing the country in the World Lightweight Boxing Championship.
QNO.4 How did the two friends fight? Describe in
your own words in five sentences.
Ali was the one who started the fight. In
the first round, Ali was at the top of the game as he was able to trap Gul
against the ropes and beat him quite harshly. In the second round, even after
turning unconscious, dizzy, and disoriented by the hard blows of Ali, Gul Sher
gathered his strength and retaliated in the same way that turned the match
even. In the third round, the young boxers performed toe-to-toe and gave their
best savage performance but at the end, they did not stay there to hear the
announcement of the game and went away arm in arm. They gave more value to
friendship than to their championship-winner title.
QNO.5 Compare and contrast the characters of Ali
and Gul.
The major characters of the lesson are
the two young boys Ahmad Ali and Gul Sher.
Both Ali and Gul Sher were students of
grade 10 in the government school. They were my classmates as well. Apart from
this, they lived in the neighborhood of Lyari, Karachi. They were so close in
their feelings and contact that they considered themselves brothers. Boxing was
the sport they were in love with. They both owned the same dream of becoming a
lightweight boxing champion of the world one day.
QNO.7 What was the effect of the fight on the
relationship between the two friends?
The fight cast a positive effect on the
relationship between the two friends. Rather, it was the fight that further
strengthened the relationship between Ali and Gul Sher. As they did not care
about the result of the match but gave more weightage to their true, sincere
friendship.
Though the ending is unexpected yes, I
am satisfied with it. The reason is that friendship is a very precious
relationship and to find fast and sincere friends in this world of selfishness
is a tough task to be undertaken.
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C.
Underline the indefinite pronouns in the following sentences.
i.
Everybody enjoys a good movie. (Everybody)
ii.
Does anybody have the time? (Anybody)
iii.
Nobody knows the trouble I have seen. (Nobody)
iv.
The secret was known by few. (Few)
v.
No, the secret was known by many. (Many)
vi.
Calculus is too hard for some. (Some)
vii.
Surely you recognize somebody. (Somebody)
viii.
He’s not a liar. I’m sure everything he said was true. (Everything)
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NOUN
Definition:
Noun is the name of:
v Person------------------------ (boy,
girl, man, woman, Aslam etc.)
v Animal------------------------(dog,
cat, snake, elephant, sheep)
v Place--------------------------
(village, city, school, hospital, playground)
v Thing -------------------------
(book, chair, fan, glass, door)
v Idea----------------------------
(justice, peace, hope, honesty)
v Quality or Condition--------
(happiness, sadness, sickness, health)
Types of Noun:
Following are the main
types of noun
v Proper
v Common
v Concrete
i. Countable noun ii.
Uncountable noun
v Abstract noun
v Collective noun
PRONOUN
Pronoun is a word that is
used in the place of noun to avoid repetition.
Types of Pronouns
with Examples
Pronouns can be classified
into different types based on their functions. Given below are the various
types of pronouns. Go through the examples carefully to have a clear
understanding of each type of pronoun and its function.
1. Relative Pronouns are pronouns that are used to relate one part of the
sentence to another. Some examples of relative pronouns are that, which, where,
when, why, what, whom and whose.
2. Possessive Pronouns are pronouns that are used to show possession. Some
examples of possessive pronouns are mine, yours, his, hers, theirs and its.
3. Reflexive Pronouns are pronouns that are used to refer back to the
subject in the sentence. Some examples of reflexive pronouns are myself,
yourself, herself, himself, oneself, itself, ourselves, themselves and
yourselves.
4. Demonstrative
Pronouns are pronouns that are
used to point to specific objects. Some examples of demonstrative pronouns are
this, that, these and those.
5. Interrogative
Pronouns are pronouns that are
used to ask questions. Some examples of interrogative pronouns are who, what,
when, why and where.
6. Indefinite Pronouns are pronouns that do not refer to any particular
person, place or thing. Some examples of indefinite pronouns are someone,
somebody, somewhere, something, anyone, anybody, anywhere, anything, no one,
nobody, nowhere, everyone, everybody, everywhere, everything, each, none, few,
and many.
7. Personal Pronouns are simple pronouns that are used to substitute
proper names. Some examples of personal pronouns are I, you, he, she, we, they,
him, her, he, she, us and them.
i.Subject Pronouns are pronouns that perform the action in a sentence.
Some examples of subject pronouns are I, you, we, he, she, it, they and one.
ii. Object Pronouns are pronouns that receive the action in a sentence.
Some examples of object pronouns are me, us, him, her and them.
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English Notes
for class 10th Session 2022-23 Prepared by SST Muhammad Arif,
Unit No: 03, Poem: Dreams by Langston Hughes. خواب
PARAPHRASING
Stanza No. 1:
These
lines have been taken from poem, ‘’Dreams’’ written by poet, ‘’Langston
Hughes’’. In these lines the poet says that keep stick with your dreams fast as
the dreams play an important role in our lives. Dreams give pleasure to us. He
further says that a person without dreams lives a life like a featherless bird
that cannot fly. Whereas a person with dreams of hope becomes successful in
future.
Stanza No. 2:
These lines have been taken from poem,
‘’Dreams’’ written by poet, ‘’Langston Hughes’’. In these lines the poet says
that keep stick with your dreams as dreams have too much importance in one’s
life. He says no dreams mean no ambition in life. The poet expresses that without
dreams life is like a land, too poor to produce any vegetation and a land that
is totally turned into Ice, where nothing grows.
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COMPREHENSION
QNO.1:
(Answer): The poem, ‘’Dreams’’ written by
‘’Langston Hughes’’ describes the importance of holding dreams in one’s life.
Dreams are essential for a dynamic and bright life. Without dreams our lives do
not feel complete and thus meaningless and unfulfilled.
QNO.2:
(Answer): Dreams are source of hope,
pleasure and satisfaction in life. One can obtain success, power and goals in
his life through fulfilling his dreams. Life without dreams is like a bird who
does not have wings. A hopeful life needs dreams.
QNO.3:
(Answer): The poet repeats the
word/phrase, ‘’Hold fast to dreams’’. The poet makes this repetition to
highlight the importance of dreams for a successful and hopeful life.
QNO.4:
(Answer):
Personification means practice of representing a thing as a person in
literature or art. In this practice we give human behaviors to object or
animal. The poet used the device of personification by comparing human life
with a featherless bird. The poet also used human characteristic ‘’death’’ for
dreams saying, ‘’if dreams die’’.
QNO.5: (Answer): A metaphor is figure of speech that is used to make a
comparison between two things that a not alike but do have something in common.
For example: ‘river of tears, flowing down her cheeks.’’ In metaphor one thing
is directly called another without using words, ‘’like’’ ‘’as’’. The device of
metaphor is used in this poem by saying, ‘’ life is broken winged’’ and ‘’Life
is barren field’’.
QNO.6: (Answer): Alliteration means to repeat words, starting with consonant letter sound. In the second line of the
poem, device of alliteration is used by repeating the words, ‘’Dreams Die’’.
Sound of consonant letter ‘’D’’ is repeated.
QNO.7: (Answer): The poet has attractively used
the device of imagery. He used the words, ‘’broken winged bird, barren field
and frozen with snow to make pictures in the mind of readers.
QNO.8: (Answer): The mood of the poem is sad and
cool. However the poet encourages the reader to keep stick with his dreams for
a successful and dynamic life.
GRAMMAR
Clause: Group of words containing at least a subject and verb. There are two types
of clauses.
٭Main (Independent) Clause
٭Subordinate (Dependent) Clause
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Essay
Allama
Iqbal is our national poet and he is my favourite personality.
Allama
Iqbal was born on 19th November at Sialkot, in 1877. His parents Noor Muhammad
and Imam Bibi were pious and religious persons. He passed his matriculation and
intermediate exams in 1893 and 1895 respectively. He did his B.A from
Government College, Lahore in 1897 and M.A in philosophy in 1899. He took his
Doctorate Degree from Munich (Germany). His thesis was "Philosophy of
Ajam". After talking his Barrister's Degree from London, returned home in
1908.
After
returning from England he started practice as a Barrister in 1908. The poet was
born in him from early age. He wrote poetry under inspiration. He had written
poetry in Urdu and Persian. Allama Iqbal has left valuable and voluminous
treasures of Poetry and Prose after him. The following are famous poetic works
of Iqbal: Israr Khudi (1915), Ramuz-e-Bekhudi (1918) Paigham-e-Mashriq (1923),
Javed Nama (1932) and Musafir (1934) are his great works in Persian.
Bange-e-Dira (1924) Bal-e-Jibrael (1935) and Zarb-e-Kaleem (1936) are famous
collections in Urdu. The famous Prose collection of Iqbal's lectures is 'The
Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam”
Iqbal
was a great mystic, a sufi. The poet of Khudi (I-am-ness) lived a very simple
and contented life. His talks were full of wisdom and humor. He generally
shunned poet's gatherings (Mushairas). He was indifferent to wealth and fame.
Iqbal had good command on 'English, German and Arabic Languages’. He was
greatly moved on seeing the down-trodden and miserable condition of the Indian
Muslims. He kept away from practical politics. But seeing the conditions of
ummat-e-Muslaman, he came forward to serve them. He inspired them with his
poetry. He was also elected to the Punjab Legislature in 1928. He attended
round table meetings at London in 1931-32.
It
was Allama Iqbal who for the first time presented the idea of separate
Home-Land (Pakistan) for the Indian Muslims. He was the originator of the
two-nation theory. He was not only poet and great thinker but also a great
moralist, a reformer and an educationist. Iqbal breathed his last on 21st
April, 1938 and is buried in the compound of grand Badshahi Mosque, Lahore.
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