UNIT NO. 08
Women’s Role in the Pakistan Movement
تحریک پاکستان میں خواتین کا کردار
Comprehension
Q.NO.1.How
did Quaid-e-Azam empower & emancipate the Muslim women of the
Sub-continent?
Ans: Quaid-e-Azam empowered & emancipated the Muslim
women of the Sub-continent by stressing the importance of women as equal
partners of men in the independence movement. For this purpose, he created the
All India Muslim Women's sub-committee of the Muslim league.
Q.NO.2.
How did Begum Fatima, the principal of Jinnah Islamia College, mobilize female
students?
Ans: Begum Fatima, the principal of Jinnah Islamia
College, mobilized female students by inviting Quaid-e-Azam to come and address
the female students of her college in 1942. That address encouraged the
participation of female students in the independence movement.
Q.No.3.Why
did the Quaid-e-Azam stress the importance of women as equal partners of men in
the creation of a separate homeland for Muslims?
Ans: Quaid-e-Azam stressed the importance of women as
equal partners of men in the creation of a separate homeland for Muslims
because it was necessary for the Muslims to achieve their dream of a separate
homeland.
Q No.4.
Describe the role of women in the Pakistan Movement, highlighting their love
and aspirations for the new homeland?
Ans: Women of the Sub-Continent played a vital role in the
Pakistan Movement. Fatima Jinnah was the first woman to participate in
political activities with her brother. Besides Fatima Jinnah, few other women
were also showing their love, courage, and commitment to the creation of a new
homeland. They bear a lot of hardships for this purpose.
Q.No.6.What
idea and issue have been explored in the fifth paragraph of the text, Women's
role in the Pakistan movement?
Ans: In the fifth paragraph, the issue of the 1946
election has been explored. Muslim league won all the Muslim seats but were
excluded from the formation of the government. This led to a massive
demonstration by men as well as women leaguers.
***************************************************************************
Vocabulary: (Book page no. 80)
By using your
knowledge of the meaning of common roots, try to find out the meaning of
following words.
|
Words |
Meaning in Urdu |
Meaning in English |
|
Automatic |
خود کار |
Self-moving |
|
Anti-war |
جنگ کا
مخالف |
Opposed to war |
|
Dispel |
دُور کرنا
یا دفع کرنا |
To drive out or Resolve |
|
Aqueous |
آبی (پانی میں تیار شدہ) |
Containing water |
|
Astrology |
علم نجُوم
(ستاروں کا مطالعہ) |
Study of stars |
GRAMMAR
1. Adverb (متعلق فعل): An adverb is a word that modifies or describes
Verbs, Adjectives and another adverbs in a sentence.
For example: She sings nicely. He speaks loudly. Aslam walks slowly.
In these sentences, the words ‘’nicely’’ ‘’loudly’’ and ‘’slowly’’
are adverbs.
There are four main types of adverb.
1. ADVERB OF TIME :---------( Tomorrow, Today, Yesterday,
Later, Now, weekly, hourly, etc.
2. ADVERB OF PLACE
:------------( Here, There, Behind, Everywhere, Somewhere, Under, etc.
3. ADVERB OF MANNER
:--------( Gently, Quickly, Loudly, Nicely, Rudely, Suddenly, Wisely)
4. ADVERB OF
FREQUENCY :----( Always, Usually, Frequently, Occasionally, Seldom, Rarely,
Never, Often, Sometimes etc.
5. Adverbs also modify adjectives .For example:
*Mr. Aslam is very
tall.
6. Adverbs also
modify another adverb: For example:
*She is speaking so
rudely.
In these
sentences the words ‘’very’’ and ‘’so’’ modify ‘’tall’’ and ‘’rudely’’
2.
Adverb Phrase:
Group of words
modifying the verb in a sentence. This group may be a prepositional or
infinitive phrase that acts like an adverb in a sentence.
*Rashid ran
with great speed
*He is coming
at this very moment
*The boy fell
on this spot
*We hurried
down the street to catch the bus
*Students work
hard to get good marks
3. Adverb Clause:
A clause modifying
the verb in a sentence is called Adverb Clause.
An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies the main verb of the
independent clause. The adverb clause contains subject, verb and subordinating
conjunction.
*Whether
you like it or not, you have to go to bed now.
*Unless you
run fast, you will miss the bus.
*Once they saw the car coming, the birds flew away
from the street.
******************************************************************************
Grammar: (Book page no. 82) B. Form adverbs from the adjectives.
|
Adjectives |
Adverbs |
|
Adjectives |
Adverbs |
|
Perfect |
Perfectly |
Heavy |
Heavily |
|
|
Late |
Lately |
Hard |
Hardly |
|
|
Quick |
Quickly |
Fantastic |
Fantastically |
|
|
Regular |
Regularly |
Quietly |
Quietly |
|
|
Nice |
Nicely |
Happy |
Happily |
|
|
Recent |
Recently |
|
Good |
Well |
UNIT NO. 09 (Poem)
Equipment
ساز و سامان by: Edgar Albert Guest
Paraphrasing
Stanza No. 1:
In these lines of poem, ‘’ Equipment’’
written by poet, ‘‘Edgar Albert Guest, the poet asks a boy that you have to
understand yourself to get success. Everyone got two arms, two hands, two eyes
and a brain. By using these, one can achieve success in life. All the great men have started their
lives with this equipment and have reached to the top. So start your efforts
for successful life.
Paraphrasing
Stanza No. 2:
In these lines of poem, ‘’ Equipment’’
written by poet, ‘‘Edgar
Albert Guest’ ’the
poet says that, one should observe the
lives of great men. They take
their food from a common plate. They use common tools in their daily life. Like
other people, they tie their shoes with
similar laces. Now the people of the world consider them great and smart. But it
is a fact that they start with the equipment which you have now.
Paraphrasing
Stanza No. 3:
In these lines of poem, ‘’ Equipment’’
written by poet, ‘‘Edgar
Albert Guest’’ the
poet says that, you can
get victory and greatness if you have strong will power and determination. You
have been blessed with all the tools necessary for achieving great success. You
must use your legs, arms, and brain. The people who have risen in life and have
done great deeds began their lives with all these things you already have.
Paraphrasing
Stanza No. 4:
In these lines of poem, ‘’ Equipment’’
written by poet, ‘‘Edgar
Albert Guest’ ’the
poet says that you will
face your own weakness in your life which will stop you from making progress
and great deeds. It totally depends on you to choose your own place, good or bad in life. You must
know that God has given you all the necessary equipment, but he has left you
free to decide what you want to
become in life.
Paraphrasing
Stanza No. 5:
In these lines of poem, ‘’ Equipment’’
written by poet, ‘‘Edgar
Albert Guest’ ’the
poet says that the man
must have courage and furnish his will power to win the competition of life. My
boy! The decision is in your hand. You were born with all the qualities that
the great men were given. With these common human capabilities, they all began
their struggles in life. So now control yourself and say that I can do
everything.
******************************************************************************
COMPREHENSION
QNO.2:
Summarize the poem ‘’ Equipment’’.
(Answer):In this poem ‘’Equipment’’ the poet Edgar Albert Guest
expressed that every person has to understand himself to get success as every
person is blessed with the same
equipment that was given to all successful great personalities of the past. The great men used common
tools for eating and wearing. The poet asks that today’s man can be brave and
clever like them by using the same abilities and qualities. A person with
strong will power can achieve skills and greatness. Everyone has been granted
all the necessary things in the form of legs, hands, brain for a successful
life. Through courage one can overcome his weakness, can choose his path of
struggle and can recognize the truth. Through this one can win the game of
life.
QNO.4:
What is the theme of the poem ‘’Equipment’’.
(Answer):The theme of the poem ‘’Equipment’’ by Edgar Albert
Guest is that each of us is born with the same
parts of bodies, abilities and qualities and now it is up to us, how to
use
them to achieve
skills, greatness and success in life, just like all the great men of the past
achieved in their lives.
QNO.5:
All human beings are created equal. Explain this statement in the light of the
poem, ‘’Equipment’’
(Answer): All the humans are born with
same equipment and the same abilities and qualities. All have two eyes, two
arms, two legs, two hands and a brain. So every one of us is in the position to
get highest ranks in the life by using this equipment.
QNO.6: How do you feel after reading the poem?
(Answer): After reading the poem ‘’Equipment’’
by Edgar Albert Guest, I realized that God has given me same qualities which he
had given to all successful people and through these qualities (wisdom and
struggle), I can achieve my goals of life.
**************************************************************************
Vocabulary: (Book page no. 88)
A.
Use dictionary to locate guide and entry words. Choose appropriate
definition and identify pronunciation.
|
Words |
Meaning |
Guide word |
Entry words |
Definition |
|
Wise |
عقل مند/ہوشیار |
Wish |
Wise, wisdom |
An intelligent person with
experience |
|
Laces |
تسمے/ڈوری |
Lac |
Lacing, lacerate |
Shoes string for fastening shoes |
|
Equipped |
لیس شدہ
/ مسلح |
Equivalence |
Equip Equipage |
Set of tools to complete a specific
task |
|
Risen |
ابھراہوا/طلوع ہوا |
Ripe |
Rise, Rising |
To move upward / To get up from lying |
|
Courage |
حوصلہ |
Courteous |
Courageous Course |
Ability to do something bravely |
|
Truth |
سچائی |
Trustworthy |
Trustful Trusty |
State or quality of being true |
Vocabulary: (Book page no. 89)
C. Think over the
following words and write down their ‘’connotative’’ and ‘’Denotative’’
|
Words |
Connotative |
Denotative |
|
Equipment |
Resources or blessings |
Set of Tools |
|
Brain |
Wisdom |
Part of human body |
|
Common plate |
Simplicity |
Common Dish |
|
Handicap |
Weakness |
Physical Disability |
|
Top |
Success or Development |
Highest place |
Grammar:
Preposition: Preposition is a
word that shows relation of noun or pronoun with other words in a sentence. It
is used before noun or pronoun to show time, place, direction and location. For
example :( in, at, on, inside, by, near, about, along, into, to, since, for,
from, up)
*The book is on the table. He goes to library every day. He is fond of tea.
In above examples the word (in), (to), (of)
are prepositions, showing the relation between (book and table), (goes and
library), (fond and tea)
Preposition
Phrase: A prepositional phrase is a part of sentence
that consist of a preposition and object of preposition. Object may be a noun
or pronoun. For example:
He is from Pakistan. In this sentence phrase “from Pakistan” is a
prepositional phrase.
Unit No: 10.
Water Scarcity in Pakistan
(پاکستان میں پانی کی قلت)
COMPREHENSION
Q1: What are
the main sources of water in Pakistan?
Ans: The main sources of water in
Pakistan are Glaciers, Rainfall, Rivers and Underground water
Q2: What
are the river drainage systems of Pakistan? Describe briefly۔
Ans: There are three river drainage systems of Pakistan.
(i).The Indus Basin River:
It originates from Tibet and flow to the
west and finally fall into the Arabian Sea. It covers an area of 365000 Sq.
miles. We receive 141.67 million square feet of water from it.
(ii). Closed Basin Kharan desert:
Its main rivers are Pishin Lora, Badoo
Rakhshan and Mash Khel. It covers an area of 120,100 Sq.Km. We get 4.5 million
feet of water from it.
(iii). Makran Coastal Basin:
It consists of streams of Malir, Hub,
Porali, Kud, Hingol, Nai, Dasht, Mashhad, Nihing and Kech.
It covers an area of 122,400 Sq Km. We
get 0.78 million water from it.
Q3: What
are the main causes of water shortage in Pakistan? Discuss
Ans: The main causes of water shortage in Pakistan are as
under:
(i).The rapid increase in population.
(ii). Construction of dams by India over
river Chenab and Jhelum.
(iii). Wastage of water.
(iv). Non-construction of more water
reservoirs.
(v). Rapid depletion of groundwater.
Q4: What
measures can we take to overcome water shortage in Pakistan?
Ans: We can take the following measures
to overcome water shortage in Pakistan.
(i). Construction of water reservoirs.
(ii). Control over wastage of water.
(iii). Increased use of water-efficient
crops
(iv). Adopting water-efficient methods
of irrigation.
(v). Implementation of national water
policy 2018.
Q5: What
can you do on own to contribute to the conservation of water in your home and
surrounding?
Ans: We can do the following things to contribute to the
conservation of water in our home and surrounding. (i).We should check our
house for leaks.
(ii).We should take short showers.
(iii).We should use less water in domestic use etc.
Q6: What
is the importance of building national reservoirs? Can you point out a spot in
your area where small reservoirs can be built to benefit the local population?
Ans: Building of national reservoirs of water are important because they
provide water for domestic, industry and irrigation purposes. They also provide
hydroelectric power production and river navigation. In our area the river Kunhar
is a best source of flowing water, where we can built reservoirs to benefit the
local population.
*************************************************
Unit No: 11
Genetically Modified Organisms
(جینیاتی لحاظ سے تبدیل شدہ اجسام)
COMPREHENSION
Q1: What
are genes and genetics?
Ans: Genes are the subunits of DNA the information
database of any organism that is contained inside the cell nucleus. Genes
transmit character traits of parents to their offspring. Genetics is the study
of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms
Q2: Why
is the discovery of a gene called a game-changer in biological sciences?
Ans: The discovery of genes is called a game changer in
biological sciences because it led to the development of genetic and the
process of genetic engineering through which genetically modified plants and
animals are produced.
Q3: What
is genetic engineering? What role does genetic engineering play in producing
genetically modified organisms?
Ans: Genetic engineering is the process of manipulation of
an organism's genes directly by transplanting DNA from other organisms in its
cells. Genetically modified organisms are produced through this process having
the desired traits.
Q4: Name
some GMOs and write their characteristics by showing how they are different
from naturally occurring organisms.
Ans: A genetically modified organism contains DNA that has
been altered using genetic engineering. They are different from naturally
occurring organisms in their DNA features, yield capacity and sometimes
apparent features. Genetically modified animals are modified mainly for
research purposes but genetically modified plants are even used as food. Some
examples of GMOs are rice, corn and vegetables.
Q5: Write
at least two merits and two demerits of GMOs?
Ans: Two merits of GMOs are:
(i). Eradication of hereditary disease.
(ii). Increase resistance to diseases.
Two demerits of GMOs are:
(i).The unpredictability of the behavior
of altered genes.
(ii). GMOs may take some unwanted
characteristics causing harm to our health
Q6: What
is your opinion will be the effect of GMOs on our lives, lifestyle, and the
environment in the future?
Ans: Although GMOs have made our lives easy and
comfortable, they have some dangerous effects. The unpredictability of the
behavior of altered genes, unwanted characteristics, health problems,
population problems, etc are some of the concerns about GMOs that may harm the
ecosystem and human health.
Q7: Have
you ever used genetically modified foods? Give suggestions & solutions for
the safe use of genetically modified foods?
Ans: Yes, I have used genetically modified foods. I have
the following suggestions and solutions for the safe use of GMOs.
(i).To test the feasibility of GMOs, for
any potential risk.
(ii). Quality of the product should be
ensured.
(iii). Avoid processed foods in general.
(iv). Avoid factory-farmed animal
products.
ESSAY WRITING
IMPORTANCE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(فنی تعلیم کی
اہمیت)
Technical education means the practical application of the general
principles and methods of scientific studies to the teaching of some trade,
profession or handicraft. The importance such training in a country like ours
is quite obvious. In Pakistan, more than eighty percent of the population is
agricultural and another ten percent is industrial. So we cannot afford to
overemphasize literary education and ignore technical education.
In view of the modern age
of advancement, it is a fact that an independent Pakistan Cannot keep pace with
advanced countries unless we direct our attention to technical instruction. We
also need to correct the present faulty system of education. Unfortunately,
in our country, we are only taught how to live we do not know how to make a
living. We are brought to know and learn literature and history but we lack
practical knowledge and training. That is why our student has to face so many problems
when he enters the practical world.
Technical education has manifold advantages. Technical education solves the
problem of unemployment. It supplies industries with a large body of trained
workers. Technical education will pay for the education of our children and
make them studious and self-supporting. Pakistan is a poor country. We do not
have adequate means to finance studies so technical education shares the
financial burden of the parents. Those students, who
pass the matriculation or Intermediate examination, can join industrial or
technical institutions. There should be a large number of such institutions all
over the country. We should have highly qualified technical experts needed to
plan and set up new industries… They are also needed to supervise the work of
industrial workers and technicians and to guide them. We have engineering
colleges and universities that provide engineers and technical experts. These
engineers and technicians should know the latest industrial techniques and
methods.
We do have technical or industrial institutions where technicians, foremen
(workers directing and supervising other workers), overseers, etc. get educated
and trained. We should have more of such institutions. Better facilities for
training industrial workers should be made available. We need first-rate
technical education in the country. We cannot progress fast without having properly
trained industrial experts, technicians, and workers.
*****************************************************************************************************
Proverbs:
|
Something is better than nothing |
بھاگتے چور کی لنگوٹی ہی سہی |
|
Prevention is better than cure |
پرہیز علاج سے بہتر ہے |
|
Think twice before you speak |
پہلے تو لو پھر بولو |
|
Health is wealth |
تندرستی ہزا رنعمت ہے |
|
Might is right |
جس کی لاٹھی اس کی بھینس |
|
Barking dogs seldom bite |
جو گرجتے ہیں وہ برستے نہیں |
|
Do in Rome as the Romans do |
جیسا دیس ویسا بھیس |
|
Nearer the church farther from God |
چراغ تلے اندھیرا |
PAIR OF WORDS
|
1 |
Principal |
سربراہ مدرسہ |
The principal
of this school is an honest person |
|
Principle |
اصول |
Quaid e Azam
was a man of principle |
|
|
2 |
Torn |
ٹکڑے ٹکڑے کرنا |
Do not torn the
pages of the book |
|
Turn |
مڑنا |
Turn right as
you go forward |
|
|
3 |
Affect |
اثر کرنا |
The noise from
the street affected our studies |
|
Effect |
اثر |
High fever has
an effect on his brain |
|
|
4 |
Artist |
مصور |
The artist
made a beautiful painting |
|
Artiste |
فنکار |
Waheed Murad
was a famous movie artist |
|
|
5 |
Loan |
قرض |
He got loan
from the bank |
|
Lone |
اکیلا |
There is one
lone cow in the field |
|
|
6 |
Course |
نصاب۔۔راستہ۔۔سمت |
He has
completed his course of study |
|
Coarse |
سادہ۔۔کھردرا۔ خراب |
My clothes
were made of coarse cloth |
|
|
7 |
Cereal |
اناج |
Wheat is
common cereal |
|
Serial |
شمار |
The names are
arranged in serial order |
|
|
8 |
Council |
مجلس |
He is a member
of village council |
|
Counsel |
نصیحت۔۔۔مشورہ |
You were
unwise to reject my counsel |
|
|
9 |
Dual |
دوھرا
-- دو رخ والا |
He is dual
faced person |
|
Duel |
جھگڑا -- لڑائی |
Sohrab and
Rustam fought a dual |
|
|
10 |
Except |
سوائے |
All were
present except Akram |
|
Accept |
قبول کرنا |
He accepted my
suggestion |
IDIOMATIC PHRASES
|
IDIOM |
MEANING |
SENTENCES |
|
Come
across |
سامنے آنا۔ اتفاقیہ ملاقات |
I came
across Mr. Aslam on the road |
|
Come by |
حاصل
کرنا |
We do
not know how my friend came by all the
money |
|
Come up |
نتائج
کا سامنےآنا |
The
results will come up after implementation of law |
|
Come of |
کسی
خاندان کا فرد ہونا |
She
comes of a noble family |
|
Come
off |
منعقد
ہونا |
His
marriage comes off tomorrow morning |
|
Come
round |
صحت
یاب ہونا |
After
severe illness he is coming round now |
|
Come
out |
شائع
ہونا |
Many
new books have come out this year |
|
Carry
forward |
پایہ
تکمیل یا آگے درج کرنا |
I
thought of the plan and my assistant carried it forward |
|
Carry
away |
انتہائی
جذبات میں آنا |
The
beauty of the music carried him away |
|
Carry
on |
جاری
رکھنا |
Please
carry on this activity |
|
Carry
out |
تعمیل
کرنا |
You
must carry out your officer orders |
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