UNIT NO. 04
Population growth and its impact on
environment
آبادی
میں اضافہ اور اس کے ماحول پر اثرات
Comprehension
Q1- Why
is there no single and easy solution to the problem of population growth and
its impact on environment?
Ans: There
is no single and easy solution to the problem of population growth and its
impact because the growth of population is unchecked. All options should be utilized including
awareness campaigns, reassessment of our consumption patterns, recycling of
wastes and less use of resources.
Q2- How
is the carrying capacity of earth affected?
Ans:
Population growth affects the carrying capacity of earth. Our earth has the
carrying capacity of 500 million to more than one trillion. Due to over
population, this carrying capacity is affected because people use more
resources and create more waste. But the earth has limited resources and it is
not able to support such a large number of people and the waste material
produced by them.
Q3- Why
does population growth directly affect the environment?
Ans: Population
growth directly affects the environment because increase in population means
increase in consumption of recourses and producing more waste materials causing
water and air pollution. These waste materials affect the environment badly.
Q4-
Analyse any passage of the text ‘Population Growth and its Impact on
Environment’
and identify key idea and its supporting details.
Ans: Urbanization
and its effect on environment is the key idea and the supporting details are
agricultural land becoming more industrialized and urbanized. It produces a
greater amount of waste.
Q5-
Locate examples from the text ‘Population Growth and its impact on
Environment’
that support an opinion.
Ans:
Examples from the text are as follow:
1).The first paragraph supports the opinion that population growth
has direct impact on environment.
2).Second paragraph supports the opinion that deforestation can
lead to imbalances in environment and results in decrease in habitat and
biodiversity.
3).Third paragraph supports the opinion that urbanization affects
environment and results in pollution of various kinds.
**************************************************************************
Vocabulary:
Words Meanings
Parts of speech Sentence
Vivid واضح adjective The memory of that incident is still vivid in my
mind.
Dwell رھنا verb Lions dwell in large forests
Deteriorated بگڑ جانا verb Relations between
the countries deteriorated sharply
Pasture چراگاہ noun Sheep
are grazing in the pasture
Logging لکڑیاں کاٹنا verb illegal
logging is major cause of deforestation
Migration ہجرت noun Migration to big
cities is putting pressure on resources
*********************************************************************************************
UNIT NO. 05
The Great Masjid Of Cordoba and Iqbal
(عظیم مسجد
قرطبہ اور اقبال)
Comprehension
1- Where
did Abdul Rehman 1 import fruits, trees and other plants from? Why?
Ans: Abdul
Rehman 1 imported fruit trees and other plants from Damascus which was his
former home town and capital of the Islamic state under the golden rule of
Umayyad Dynasty. In Cordoba, he tried to
recreate the glory and grandeur of Damascus.
2- What
can we achieve again if we enkindle in ourselves the master passion (Ishq)?
Ans:
if we enkindle in ourselves the master passion (Ishq) we can achieve the
exalted state of moral and spiritual character and the glory and grandeur of
the golden age of Islam in the past.
3- What
is the view of Iqbal about the Masjid of Cordoba? Explain his view in your own
words.
Ans: Iqbal says that the Masjid of Cordoba is a symbol of faith
and a jewel of Islamic architecture. It is also a symbol of dominance of
Islamic civilization in Europe. He says
that the beauty and grandeur of this Masjid is because of the Ishq of
Mard-e-Khuda.
4- What
in your opinion, is the significance of the Masjid of Cordoba to present day
Muslims? Explain.
Ans: The
significance of the Masjid of Cordoba to present day Muslims is that it reminds
us the glory of Islam in the past. It also reminds us the grandeur and
magnificence of Islamic civilization in Europe. It tells us that we the Muslims
can achieve the lost position if we enkindle the passion of Ishq in ourselves.
5- Why
did Iqbal greatly appreciate a faraway Masjid in Spain, when there were
Superb
buildings of the Muslim era in sub-continent?
Ans: Iqbal
greatly appreciated a faraway Masjid in Spain to tell the present day
Muslims the glory, strength and grandeur of Islam in Europe. The
Masjid of Cordoba is actually the outstanding symbol of faith. It is a superb
example of the magnanimity of Muslim civilization familiar and innovative,
which can be recognized as “Islamic” even today.
**************************************************************************
Unit No: 06, Poem: In
Spite of War by Angela Morgan. (جنگ کے باوجود)
Paraphrasing Stanza No. 1:
In
these lines of poem, ‘’In Spite of War’’ written by ‘‘Angela Morgan’’, the
poetess explains the war destructions. She says that sorrows like death,
despair and sufferings make the life miserable but the hope present in my mind
and heart makes me able to live, laugh and sing in such bad situations. The
poetess admires hope with all her breath.
Paraphrasing Stanza No. 2:
In
these lines of poem, ‘’In Spite of War’’ written by, ‘‘Angela Morgan’’ the
poetess says that because of war people hate each other. This hatred and anger
makes them fight. She further says that despite of these war devastations still
Lilacs and Tulips flowers are blooming. These flowers are source of pleasure,
hope and happiness in such disastrous conditions.
Paraphrasing Stanza No. 3:
In
these lines of poem, ‘’In Spite of War’’ written by poetess, ‘‘Angela Morgan’’
the poetess says that no doubt war is making the life miserable but still the
radiant beauty of morning is a source of courage. Speaking gently the daisy
flower gives us hope to live happily. The poetess says that beautiful pansies
are also giving us signs of hopeful life.
Paraphrasing Stanza No. 4:
In
these lines of poem, ‘’In Spite of War’’ written by, ‘‘Angela Morgan’’ the
poetess says that natural beauties are a great source of courage during war
sufferings. Clouds playing with sea waves give us message that only natural
beauties are real and war miseries will not last forever. These natural
beauties are a great source of happy life in desperation and gloomy environment.
Paraphrasing Stanza No. 5:
In
these lines of poem, ‘’In Spite of War’’ written by ‘‘Angela Morgan’’ the
poetess explains the unhappy and hurting conditions of battlefield. She says
that unpleasant sounds of guns and cannons can be heard everywhere. In spite of
all the war sorrows like death and despair still gardens are full of blooming
roses and poppies. These splendors of nature are a ray of hope for us to live
with courage and happiness.
Paraphrasing Stanza No. 6:
In
these lines of poem, ‘’In Spite of War’’ written by, ‘‘Angela Morgan’’ the
poetess says that morning light when sun rises is a sign of new hope. The
darkness of despair and death is disappeared and now everything is crystal
clear. Beautiful Lilies in the presence of sunlight are awake. Although war has
ruined everything which is very shameful, still fresh flowers are decreasing
the terrors of war.
Paraphrasing Stanza No. 7:
In
these lines of poem, ‘’In Spite of War’’ written by ‘‘Angela Morgan’’ the
poetess says that frights of war are making the life ugly and horrible. But a
soft and gentle voice in my ear says me to wake up. Fears of war are just a bad
dream. Life is full of great happiness and joy. Come out of your bad dreams and
in spite of combat and its pains, just enjoy the life.
*********************************************************************************************
COMPREHENSION
QNO.1:
(Answer): Despite the
ravages of war there are things expressed in the poem that thrive. Beautiful
blooming flowers like Lilacs, Daisies, Pansies, Poppies, Tulips and clouds,
waves, morning glory are the examples of such things.
QNO.2:
(Answer): Words used for
loss emotions are death, sufferings, hate, war, guns roaring, cannons and
nightmares.
QNO.3:
(Answer): The poetess
has used the tool of ‘’Personification’’ in the poem. In this technique the
poet gives human qualities to animal or an object. Examples of personification
are, ‘’When pansies lift their eyes to mine’’ and ‘’Rejoice the daisy
murmureth’’. In these sentences human qualities ‘’lifting eyes’’ and
‘’murmuring’’ are given to non-human things.
QNO.4:
(Answer): Optimistic approach is the tone of the poem through which the poetess
expresses that despite of all the miseries of war life still continues with all
its joys and everything is getting to its normal position. The words courage,
laugh, sings, blooming, glory tells us about the hopefulness.
QNO.5: (Answer): The theme of the poem is to be
optimistic. The poetess conveys message that we should not on negative aspects
of life. She encourages us not to lose hope. Despite of all miseries of life we
should be positive. Life continues as usual. We should look at the natural
beauties to feel the bright aspect of life with happiness and joy.
********************************************************************************
Proverbs:
|
Out of Sight Out
of mind |
آنکھ اوجھل پہاڑ اوجھل |
|
It takes two to
make a quarrel |
ایک ہاتھ سے تالی نہیں بجتی |
|
Self-praise is no
recommendation |
اپنے منہ میان مٹھو |
|
A figure among
ciphers |
اندھوں میں کانا راجا |
|
Great cry little
wool |
اونچی دکان پھیکا پکوان |
|
One post to
hundred candidates |
ایک انار سو بیمار |
|
A wolf in sheep's
clothing |
بغل میں چھری منہ میں رام رام |
Unit No: 07.
The Aged Mother
(بوڑھی ماں)
COMPREHENSION
Q1: Why
did the farmer decide to take his mother on the summit?
Ans: The farmer decided to take his
mother on the summit to abandon her there for some time. In this way, she will
die in isolation.
Q2: Why
did the son hide his mother in the closet?
Ans: The son hid his mother in a closet
beneath the floor of the kitchen so that she may escape the possible death
announced by the governor for the aged people.
Q3: What
does the phrase “with the crown of snow there cometh wisdom” mean?
Ans: The phrase “with the crown of snow
there cometh wisdom” means that wisdom is achieved with the passage of time.
Q4: What
is the theme of “The aged mother”?
Ans: The theme of the story “The aged
mother” is that the aged people are wiser and more experienced than the young
people because they observe life from very near.
Q5: What
is the climax of the story “The aged mother”?
Ans: The climax of the story “The aged
mother” is that when the farmer discloses the secret of his mother in front of
the governor. He listened to him silently and then he ordered to abolish the
cruel law of killing all the aged people.
Q6: Why
did the farmer disclose his secret?
Ans: The farmer disclosed his secret in
front of the governor because he thought it a safe way for himself. He wanted
to inform the governor that the aged people are very important for the state
because they have a lot of experience and wisdom.
Q7: What
are the elements of the story “The aged mother”?
Ans: The elements of the story “The aged
mother” are characters, setting, beginning, middle, end and moral lesson.
Farmer, Mother and Governor are the main characters of the story. The setting
of the story is the town of Shinano. The importance of aged people is the moral
lesson of the story.
Q8: What
is the setting of the story?
Ans: The setting of the story is the
town of Shinano, where a small hut was situated at the foot of the mountain. In
that hut, the farmer and his mother were living.
Q9: Why
did the leader issue the proclamation?
Ans: The leader issued the proclamation
to put all the aged people to death because he thought that old people were
dangerous for his despotic rule and strength.
Q10: How
does the poor youth feel about the proclamation?
Ans: The poor youth felt sorrow and
distress about the proclamation.
Q11: How
did the youth carry out the order?
Ans: The youth carried out the governor
order with the help of his old mother. He made a rope of ashes because of his
old mother suggestion.
Vocabulary:
Words Meanings
Parts of speech Guide/ Entry Words
Strength طاقت قوت Noun
Strong, strengthen
Reverence احترام عزت Noun Revere, Reverent
Comfort آرام Noun Comfortable,
Comforting
Frequent بار بار Adjective Frequently, frequency
Humble عاجز Adjective
Humbly, Humbleness
Barbarous ظالمانہ Adjective Barbarity, barbaric
Hunter شکاری Noun Hunt,
Hunter
Twig ٹہنی Noun Twig
*******************************
ESSAY WRITING
Ø
HOW DO YOU SPEND LESIURE TIME
Ø
MY HOBBY (READING BOOKS)
My hobby is reading interesting and knowledgeable books in my free
time. Whenever I go to home from my school I like to read such books after
completing my homework. I am 12 years old and read in class 7th standard. Now I
know very well that reading is very good habit which can make me a complete.
This hobby can be developed by anyone however I got this naturally. Reading
books keep one always happy and busy. It is the good source of enjoyment,
knowledge, inspiration and instruction. It makes us disciplined, loyal,
punctual and most importantly a successful person in the life.
While reading a book, I take brief notes, mark important ideas, new
words, phrases and brilliant expressions with a red pen which help me in the
recapitulation As a result of my hobby, I can read fairly fast and with very
good. My knowledge on various subjects and retention comprehension besides
course subjects, is very wide, authentic and valuable. I am proud of it but not
Reading of great and good books, really makes one more conceited gentle, humble
and humane. By reading of great authors, some of their greatness is bound to be
rubbed off on the readers as well.
The act of reading improves your ability to absorb and comprehend
written information, helping you in virtually any career path. There are very
few jobs today that don’t incorporate written information or instructions, and
the more you read, the easier it is for you to absorb that information and
execute your job better.
Through books reading nobody can feel alone and disturb. I think
this habit is more precious than gold or other precious stones of the world. It
provides us high level of knowledge, noble thoughts and ideas to work in many
fields. Good and interesting books are like best friends of the one who like to
read. The one who do not have this habit may possess worldly wealth but he/she
would always be poor because of the lack of wealth of true knowledge. The habit
of reading books can be acquired at young age by anyone.
GRAMMAR
1.
Adjective: An adjective is a word that adds
something to the meaning of noun or pronoun. For example:
‘’Aslam is an intelligent man’’.
‘’He is a good boy’’. ‘’She is an honest girl’’. In these examples the words
intelligent, good and honest are adjectives.
2. Types of
Adjective: There are
two main types of adjective.
i.
Determiners Adjectives
ii.
Descriptive Adjectives
i.
Descriptive
adjectives: These adjectives shows the quality of noun in
the form of Colour, Size, smell, Taste, Material, appearance and shape.
ii.
Determiners
adjectives: These
are the grammar words that act as adjectives. They are divided as under:-
a.
Possessive adjectives:
(my, our, your, his, her)
b.
Demonstrative: (this, that, these, those)
c.
Interrogative: (what, which, whose)
d.
Indefinite or Quality: (Few, Some, Many)
e.
Articles: (a, an, the)
3. Degrees of adjectives: Three degrees of
adjectives are:
‘’Positive’’ ‘’Comparative’’
and ‘’Superlative’’
For
example great………......greater……………..…
greatest
4. Order of
adjectives: 1..Determiner 2..Opinion
3..Size 4..Shape 5..Age
6..Colour
7...Origin 8...Material 9...Purpose
5. Adjective Phrase:
An
adjective phrase is a phrase that tells us something about noun or pronoun. In
adjective phrase the head word will be an adjective. Adjective phrase can be
used before or after the noun.
Examples are as under:
i.
It is a white elephant
ii.
He was a brave man
6. Adjective Clause:
An
adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. This
clause comes right after the noun. It contains a subject and verb. It will
begin with a relative pronoun like (who, whom, whose, that or which)
or a relative adverb like (when, where or why)
Examples
are as under:
i.
I like a leader who listen to his people
ii.
We are reading the book that I like the best
٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭٭
7. PAIR OF
WORDS
|
1 |
Poor |
غریب |
We should help
the poor |
|
Pour |
ڈالنا |
Please pour some
water in the glass |
|
|
2 |
Flour |
آٹا |
Bread is made of
flour |
|
Floor |
فرش |
Do not walk
bare-footed on the floor |
|
|
3 |
Meat |
گوشت |
I like to eat
meat |
|
Meet |
ملنا |
Meet me as soon
as possible |
|
|
4 |
Bear |
ریچھ |
We saw a bear in
the zoo |
|
Bare |
ننگا |
Do not walk
bare-footed on the floor |
8. IDIOMATIC
PHRASES
|
IDIOM |
MEANING |
SENTENCES |
|
Agree
to |
کسی رائے یا چیز سے اتفاق کرنا |
The
store owner agreed to supplier's new proposal |
|
Agree
with |
کسی
آدمی سے اتفاق کرنا |
I do
not agree with you on this issue |
|
Agree
upon / on |
کسی
چیز پر اتفاق کرنا |
Let us
try to agree on / upon a date |
|
Break
up |
منتشر
ہونا |
The
meeting broke up at 10 pm. |
|
Break
into |
زبر
دستی داخل ہونا |
A thief
broke into the house |
|
Break
out |
پھوٹ
پڑنا
بھڑک اٹھنا |
Cholera
broke out in India |
|
Break
down |
خراب
ہونا |
My
health broke down |
|
Bring
up |
پالنا پرورش کرنا |
He was
brought up by his uncle |
|
Bring
about |
باعث
ہونا |
You
have brought about great change in him |
|
Bring
out |
ظاہر
کرنا |
The
investigation will bring out many things |
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